<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Corbel; font-weight: 700;">oday’s awareness of environmental pollution and the idea of creating a reuse area for waste is<br>one of the trend topics. The base opinion, regarding the reuse of any material is that all resources<br>are inherently limited in the world. In the ethical approach, it is a moral issue that people take responsibility for future generations to protect nature. Eggshells are one of the most used natural biomasses. And natural harmless eggshells deserve to be researched to reveal their potential. The aim&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Corbel; font-weight: 700;">of this study, blending the characterization processes with the research published until now, finding&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Corbel; font-weight: 700;">criteria for the unique structures and application capacities of eggshell species, ensures choosing the right type as biomass in the industry, and directing the eggshell usage to the appropriate applications&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Corbel; font-weight: 700;">and industries. In many industries, finding benchmarks of eggshell types in their unique structures and&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Corbel; font-weight: 700;">application capacity gives a clue to selecting the right type and directing the eggshells to a suitable&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Corbel; font-weight: 700;">place. In this study, different species of eggshell (</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Corbel; font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;">Coturnix Coturnix Japonica</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Corbel; font-weight: 700;">,&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Corbel; font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;">Anser Anser</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Corbel; font-weight: 700;">,&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Corbel; font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;">Denizli Hen</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Corbel; font-weight: 700;">,</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Corbel; font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;">Alectoris Chukar</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Corbel; font-weight: 700;">,&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Corbel; font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;">and Struthio Camelus</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Corbel; font-weight: 700;">) were characterized by XRD, FTIR, AFM, Stereo Microscope, SEM, XRF, and TGA analysis. Calcined forms of eggshell samples were characterized by XRD, FTIR, and XRF analysis. TGA analysis results are used as a precursor to determine the temperature of calcination&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Corbel; font-weight: 700;">(800–900°). XRD results show that the CaCO</span><span style="font-size: 6pt; font-family: Corbel; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: -3pt;">3&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Corbel; font-weight: 700;">peak is 2</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: ArialUnicodeMS;">Ɵ</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Corbel; font-weight: 700;">=29.58° for all eggshells. The reason why this peak is not observed after the calcination process is that the entire CaCO</span><span style="font-size: 6pt; font-family: Corbel; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: -3pt;">3&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Corbel; font-weight: 700;">structure is converted to&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Corbel; font-weight: 700;">CaO. In FTIR results, the C-O stretching band which is observed at 1424 cm</span><span style="font-size: 6pt; font-family: Corbel; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: 3pt;">− 1&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Corbel; font-weight: 700;">is the main characteristic band of selected eggshell species. When AFM images are examined, it is seen that the surface of small eggshells is rougher, while the surface of the eggshell becomes smoother as the egg size increases. SEM and stereo microscope images show that the shell thickness increases as the egg size increases.</span></p></div></div></div></div>