Description:
<p><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif; font-size: 18px;">In this paper, the effect of volume control on the melting process of <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/phase-change-material" title="Learn more about phase change material from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" class="topic-link" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;">phase change material</a> (PCM) in a </span><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/latent-heat-storage" title="Learn more about latent heat storage from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" class="topic-link" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px; font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif; font-size: 18px;">latent heat storage</a><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: NexusSerif, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Arial Unicode MS", serif; font-size: 18px;"> (LHTS) system used for storing the exhaust waste <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/thermal-energy" title="Learn more about heat energy from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" class="topic-link" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;">heat energy</a><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> of a typical SI engine is explored experimentally. In the LHTS system, <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/paraffin-wax" title="Learn more about paraffin wax from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" class="topic-link" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;">paraffin wax</a>, commercially known by the code RT55, is used. A closed-loop </span><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/liquid-circulation" title="Learn more about liquid circulation from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" class="topic-link" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;">liquid circulation</a><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> system with two <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/heat-exchanger" title="Learn more about heat exchangers from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" class="topic-link" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;">heat exchangers</a> is designed with one (exhaust heat exchanger-Ex_hex) mounted to the exhaust tailpipe of the SI engine and the other (PCM heat exchanger-PCM_hex) used in the storing and melting of the RT55. The PCM_hex is designed to have a cylindrical geometry and variable internal volume and is fabricated of optical material to monitor the melting process of the RT55. The cylindrical side surface of the PCM_hex is designed as two layers for vacuum insulation application. For volume control, the movable top surface of the cylindrical PCM_hex is controlled by a linear actuator with a 1000 N capacity. Experimental studies are performed under 1/2 throttle opening and 2800 rpm constant engine speed of a </span></span><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/propane" title="Learn more about propane from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" class="topic-link" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;">propane</a><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> fueled SI engine for three different PCM_hex arrangements (i.e., free volume, constant volume, and volume controlled) during 7200 s (120 min). As a result, the melting process of the RT55 with the volume controlled PCM_hex is improved, and the <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/energy-storage-capacity" title="Learn more about energy storage capacity from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" class="topic-link" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-break: break-word; text-underline-offset: 1px;">energy storage capacity</a> is increased by approximately 4.57%. At the end of 7200 s for 9.136 kg solid RT55, 85.2%, 85.7%, and 87.4% liquid fractions are obtained with the free volume, constant volume, and volume controlled PCM_hex, respectively. With free volume, constant volume, and volume controlled PCM_hex, 2339.9 kJ, 2355.9 kJ, and 2446.8 kJ of energy are stored as sensible and latent heat, respectively, while 37.2%, 38%, and 39.5% PCM_hex efficiency are obtained. In addition, the rate of fuel energy stored in PCM_hex is 3.97%, 4.01%, and 4.17%, respectively.</span></span></span><br></p>