Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi

Characterization and potential usage of selected eggshell species

oday’s awareness of environmental pollution and the idea of creating a reuse area for waste is
one of the trend topics. The base opinion, regarding the reuse of any material is that all resources
are inherently limited in the world. In the ethical approach, it is a moral issue that people take responsibility for future generations to protect nature. Eggshells are one of the most used natural biomasses. And natural harmless eggshells deserve to be researched to reveal their potential. The aim of this study, blending the characterization processes with the research published until now, finding criteria for the unique structures and application capacities of eggshell species, ensures choosing the right type as biomass in the industry, and directing the eggshell usage to the appropriate applications and industries. In many industries, finding benchmarks of eggshell types in their unique structures and application capacity gives a clue to selecting the right type and directing the eggshells to a suitable place. In this study, different species of eggshell (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica, Anser Anser, Denizli Hen,Alectoris Chukar, and Struthio Camelus) were characterized by XRD, FTIR, AFM, Stereo Microscope, SEM, XRF, and TGA analysis. Calcined forms of eggshell samples were characterized by XRD, FTIR, and XRF analysis. TGA analysis results are used as a precursor to determine the temperature of calcination (800–900°). XRD results show that the CaCO3 peak is 2Ɵ=29.58° for all eggshells. The reason why this peak is not observed after the calcination process is that the entire CaCO3 structure is converted to CaO. In FTIR results, the C-O stretching band which is observed at 1424 cm− 1 is the main characteristic band of selected eggshell species. When AFM images are examined, it is seen that the surface of small eggshells is rougher, while the surface of the eggshell becomes smoother as the egg size increases. SEM and stereo microscope images show that the shell thickness increases as the egg size increases.

Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu Tedavisinde Uzun Etkili Guanfasinin Yeri

Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu Tedavisinde Uzun Etkili Guanfasinin Yeri Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu (DEHB) çocukluk çağının en sık görülen psikiyatrik bozukluğu olmasının yanı sıra tedavi edilmediğinde son derece ciddi psikiyatrik, akademik ve sosyal sorunlara yol açabilen ciddi bir psikiyatrik bozukluktur. Yarım asırı aşkın bir süredir DEHB, metilfenidat ve amfetamin gibi stimülan ilaçlarla başarılı bir şekilde tedavi edilmektedir. Klinik araştırmalardaki katılımcıların %20-35’i başlangıçtaki stimülan tedavisine yetersiz yanıt verdiği bildirilmektedir. Bu nedenle DEHB tedavisinde stimülan dışı alternatifler araştırılmış ve stimülan olmayan atomoksetin, klonidin ve guanfasin geliştirilmiştir. Çocuklarda DEHB tedavisi için uzun etkili guanfasinin kullanımı incelenmiş ve hiperaktivite ve dikkat eksikliğinde anlamlı iyileşme saptanmıştır. Bu erken çalışmalar, uzun etkili guanfasinin geliştirilmesini ve 2009 yılında DEHB tedavisinde formülasyonun Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Gıda ve İlaç Dairesi onayı almasını sağlamıştır. Amfetamin veya metilfenidatı tolere etmeyen hastalar, özellikle iştah azalması, uykusuzluk veya taşikardisi olan hastalar için guanfasin uygun bir seçenektir. Bu makale, DEHB için uzun salımlı guanfasin ile ilgili mevcut literatürü gözden geçirmekte ve bu ilacın kimyasal yapısını, dozaj ve uygulamasını, etki mekanizmasını, farmakokinetiğini ve farmakodinamiğini, klinik deneylerdeki etkinliğini, güvenliğini ve tolere edilebilirliğini ve DEHB tedavisindeki rolünü tartışmaktadır.; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD is a serious psychiatric disorder that can lead to extremely serious psychiatric, academic and social problems if not treated, as well as being the most common psychiatric disorder of childhood. ADHD has been successfully treated with stimulant drugs such as methylphenidate and amphetamines for over half a century. It is reported that 20-35% of participants in clinical trials have an inadequate response to initial stimulant treatment. Therefore, non-stimulant alternatives have been investigated in the treatment of ADHD and non-stimulant atomoxetine, clonidine and guanfacine have been developed. The use of long-acting guanfacine for the treatment of ADHD in children was examined and significant improvement was found in hyperactivity and attention deficit. These early studies led to the development of long-acting guanfacine and, in 2009, the formulation received United States Food and Drug Administration approval for the treatment of ADHD. For patients who do not tolerate amphetamine or methylphenidate, especially those with decreased appetite, insomnia or tachycardia, guanfacine is a suitable option. This article reviews the available literature on extended-release guanfacine for ADHD and discusses its chemical structure, dosage and administration, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, efficacy, safety and tolerability in clinical trials, and its role in the treatment of ADHD.

Mekân Tabanlı Toprak Erozyonu Tahmin Modelleri: Bildiklerimiz Değişiyor Mu?

Mekân Tabanlı Toprak Erozyonu Tahmin Modelleri: Bildiklerimiz Değişiyor Mu? Toprak erozyonu, toprağın üst katmanının aşınarak başka bir yere taşınmasını ifade eden doğal bir süreçtir. Bu oluşum beşeri faaliyetlerin arazi örtüsünde değişimlere neden olmasıyla artan mekânsal bir probleme dönüşmüştür. Toprak erozyonundaki artış toprak verimliliğini olumsuz etkilediği gibi gıda güvenliğini de tehdit etmektedir. Toprak erozyonu kapsamındaki çalışmalar, sürecin işleyişini anlamak ve ortaya çıkan olumsuz etkileri en aza indirmek için sediman taşınımı ve erozyona duyarlı alanların belirlenmesi konularına yoğunlaşmıştır. Son 30 yılda bu konudaki modelleme uygulamalarının artması toprak erozyonu sorunu üzerine ilginin arttığını göstermektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı toprak erozyonu konusunda en çok başvurulan modellerin geçirdiği değişimin literatür kapsamında değerlendirilmesidir. Bunun için modellerin veri özellikleri ve algoritma yapıları detaylı bir biçimde incelenmiş ve onlarca model arasında USLE/RUSLE, SWAT ve WEPP modelleri ile makine öğrenmesi yaklaşımlarının uygulama sayıları bakımından ön plana çıktığı belirlenmiştir. Bazı modellerin daha çok tercih edilme nedenlerinin farklı ortam koşullarına uyumlu olmaları ve ortamı yüksek doğrulukta benzetim yapabildiklerinden kaynaklandığı sonucuna varılmıştır.; Soil erosion is a natural process that refers to the wearing top of the soil layer and transport to another place. This process has turned into an increasing spatial problem as human activities cause changes in the land cover. The increase in soil erosion not only affects soil fertility, but also threatens food security. Studies within the scope of soil erosion focus on sediment transport and modeling of erosion-sensitive areas in order to understand the dynamics of the process and to minimize the negative effects. The increase in modeling applications on this subject in the last 30 years shows that the interest on the soil erosion problem has increased. The aim of this study is to examine the changes in the most used models in soil erosion studies within the scope of the literature. For this, the data properties and algorithm structures of the models were examined in detail and it was determined that among dozens of models, USLE/RUSLE, SWAT and WEPP models and machine learning approaches came to the fore in terms of the number of applications. In conclusion, some models are more preferred since they are compatible with different environmental conditions and simulate process with high accuracy.

Ergonomic risks and problems of the musculoskeletal system for physiotherapists: comparison of employees in the fields of pediatric and adult care

Ergonomic risks and problems of the musculoskeletal system for physiotherapists: comparison of employees in the fields of pediatric and adult care Objectives. The aim of this study is to compare the ergonomic risk levels, musculoskeletal complaints and quality of life of physiotherapists (PTs) according to their field of work. Methods. A total of 107 volunteer PTs participated in the study, whose information was recorded. Ergonomic risk levels were determined using rapid entire body assessment (REBA). Complaints about the musculoskeletal system of PTs were evaluated with the Cornell musculoskeletal discomfort questionnaire (CMDQ) and quality of life was evaluated by the Nottingham health profile. Results. PTs who worked with pediatric patients (Grouppediatric; n = 47) were younger (p<0.001). PTs who worked with adult patients (Groupadult; n = 60) had a higher daily number of patients (p<0.001). The REBA score did not make a difference between the groups (p = 0.379). The difference was found in the upper back region of the CMDQ (p<0.05). There was no difference between groups for quality of life (p>0.05). Conclusions. Grouppediatric may be working in ergonomically demanding positions, although there is no statistical difference. The injury sites of the musculoskeletal system can differ. However, the reflection of musculoskeletal system problems on quality of life does not show any difference between the groups of PTs.