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This research was conducted in hydraulic laboratory of Irrigation Department, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey. Different water temperatures (20, 30, 40 and 50 degrees C) and operating pressure (80-200 kPa) were applied to determine emitter discharge equations (q=kH(x)), standard temperature discharge index (TDI, standard temperature is 20 degrees C), coefficient of manufacturing variation (CV) and uniformity parameters such as Christiansen uniformity (Cu) and emission uniformity (CUE). On-line pressure compensating emitter with 2 Lh(-1) discharges at system pressure of 100 kPa according to the manufacturer recommended, was used. Emitters were placed at 20 cm interval on the laterals with 16 mm diameter. Discharge equations related to temperatures were obtained as q=2.01H(0.00), q=1.96H(0.00), q=1.61H(0.04) and q=1.54H(0.05) respectively. Increased water temperature decreased the emitter discharge. The rate of emitter discharge decreased average 2.5% by increasing of water temperature from 20 to 50 degrees C. TDI values decreased with increasing of water temperature (p<0.001). CV, Cu and CUE values of the emitters under different water temperatures ranged between 0.027-0.033, 97.3-98.5% and 89.2-96.7%, respectively. |
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