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<h2 id="_i2" class="section-heading-2" style="margin: 0.83em 0px; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-rendering: optimizelegibility; font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 36px; font-family: "PT serif", serif; letter-spacing: normal;">Background</h2><p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px;">Surgery has deep historical roots. Rhazes (865-925 CE), a Persian physician, made a significant contribution to the development of medical sciences in the medieval era. <i>Liber Almansoris</i> is one of his significant works on medicine. This book is a medical textbook for medical students. It covers every aspect of the medical sciences. This article discusses Rhazes’ contribution to surgery, based on <i>Liber Almansoris</i>.</p><h2 id="_i3" class="section-heading-2" style="margin: 0.83em 0px; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-rendering: optimizelegibility; font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 36px; font-family: "PT serif", serif; letter-spacing: normal;">Method</h2><p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px;">This study examines Rhazes’ contribution to surgery, based on his book, <i>Liber Almansoris</i>.</p><h2 id="_i4" class="section-heading-2" style="margin: 0.83em 0px; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-rendering: optimizelegibility; font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 36px; font-family: "PT serif", serif; letter-spacing: normal;">Results</h2><p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px;">Rhazes’s <i>Liber Almansoris</i> contains a chapter (7<span style="font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;">th</span> chapter) on orthopedics, which includes surgical approaches. This chapter also describes surgical procedures for traumas and skull fractures. In other chapters, he also recommends surgical options for treating certain complications when discussing different treatment methods.</p><h2 id="_i5" class="section-heading-2" style="margin: 0.83em 0px; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-rendering: optimizelegibility; font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 36px; font-family: "PT serif", serif; letter-spacing: normal;">Discussion</h2><p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; word-break: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px;">Although Rhazes mentioned surgical procedures as a medical treatment method, he did not include a separate chapter on surgery. This strategy can be found in his other medical works, such as <i>Liber Continens</i> or <i>Al-Hawi</i>. It appears that Rhazes adheres to the Galenic (Greek) perspective on surgery. In this context, surgery is not an independent major but a method that a physician can employ as needed. It differs from an alternative approach in that era that adheres to ancient Persian perspectives, which identified surgery as a major like other medical sciences disciplines.</p> |
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