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<p><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);">The disinfection process is one of the most critical processes in drinking water treatment plants to protect public health. Disinfection by-products are formed as a result of the reaction of chemical disinfectants with natural organic substances in water resources. Due to carcinogenic and mutagenic effects in case of long-term exposure to DBPs, some species of DBPs are restricted by legislation issued by the USEPA and WHO. Control strategies should be implemented both in the removal of organic matter and in the optimization of the disinfection process in order to prevent and to minimize DBP formations. In addition, optimization of treatment techniques, disinfection process, and improvement of operating conditions in the plant and distribution network need to be considered in controlling DBP formation. In order to understand the kinetics of the formation and to monitor of DBPs in the treatment plant and distribution network, various experimental and theoretical models have been developed. They are presented in this article.</span><br></p> |
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