This study aims to evaluate the Trichoptera fauna of the Karpuz Stream in Antalya and its relationship with environmental factors. In the research, ten stations were selected to characterize the stream, and samples were collected seasonally. As a result of the study, a total of 20 Trichoptera taxa were identified, and the distribution of these species was correlated with dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, and other physicochemical parameters. The findings revealed that dissolved oxygen is an important factor influencing Trichoptera diversity, with higher oxygen levels resulting in greater species diversity in upstream stations. The sensitivity of Trichoptera species to pH, temperature, and flow rate, particularly within the Hydropsychidae family, demonstrated their ability to adapt to different habitat conditions. Furthermore, the study determined that the first nine stations of the Karpuz Stream were classified as "oligosaprobic" (unpolluted water), while the tenth station was classified as "oligobetasaprobic" (slightly polluted water). This research provides valuable data on the ecological roles of Trichoptera species and the conservation of freshwater ecosystems in Turkey’s Mediterranean basin. The study emphasizes the potential of Trichoptera species as bioindicators for water quality assessment and highlights their sensitivity to environmental changes. In this context, the preservation of Trichoptera fauna is critical for the sustainability of biodiversity and the effective management of water resources.