This study aims to reveal the total factor productivity levels in the agricultural sector in 81 provinces of Turkey by using the Malmquist index method over the period 2009-2019. The results extracted from the Malmquist index findings show that index value changed between 1.186 and 0.952, agricultural productivity increased in 75 provinces and decreased in 6 provinces. In addition, our findings confirm technological change affects the change in agricultural productivity levels in all provinces in Turkey, and that technology is a determining factor in agricultural productivity in all provinces. From a policy perspective, the results suggest that authorities in Turkey should develop and implement technologies that will make the sector productive, to encourage and support infrastructure, research and publication studies on technology. In addition, this research claims that the regional incentive system can be revised and, it can build an incentive system based on performance and efficiency in which provinces or businesses operating in this field are classified according to their productivity.