ABSTRACTIslam is becoming more visible than ever before in the West. The idea ofbeing Muslim in a public space and consequently the visibility of the symbols of theMuslim population in European countries have paved the way for someimplications. This article will discuss these implications from the perspectives ofJohn Rawls and Carl Schmitt. The first two parts outline the ideas of John Rawls andCarl Schmitt via their books and secondary sources. The third part will analyse theconcept of religious freedom in European countries and the political decisions andlegal implementations regarding this issue, before attempting to reveal Rawls’ andSchmitt’s theoretical framework by examining a number of specific cases.