The transformation in the public fiscal management in recent years has made legislative budget oversight and fiscal transparency more important. The main purpose of the study is to determine whether the actualization of efficient budget oversight by the legislature would increase fiscal transparency or not. The relationship between the budget oversight of legislature and the fiscal transparency is tested empirically with the 2-Stage Least Squares Method (2SLS). In the analysis of International Budget Partnership dated 2017 and in which the Open Budget Survey data is used, 115 countries are given place. According to the results of the analysis it is determined that in case of an efficient budget oversight by the legislature, fiscal transparency would increase. Furthermore the factors that affect legislative budget oversight and fiscal transparency are determined in the study.