The biological treatment of recalcitrant wastewaters in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) rather than chemical, physical, and advanced oxidation processes are low cost and environmentally friendly processes. In this study, sulphate-reducing micro-organisms in MFC anodic chamber were fed with olive oil mill (OMW) and molasses wastewater at various dilution rates for simultaneous wastewater treatment and energy production. A power density of 31 +/- 5 W/m(2) was achieved at a 1:65 dilution rate (v: v) for molasses wastewater in the presence of sulphate-reducing bacteria. In these conditions, the highest voltage was 990 mV with influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 1.200 mg/l. The total COD, sulphate, and colour removal efficiencies were 53.2%, 52.7%, and 41.1%, respectively. The overarching goal of this study was to develop a better understanding of the removal of emerging pollutants in textile, olive mill, and molasses wastewater using microbial fuel cells.